Here I would like, as a social democratic dissident in the USA, to address the second question: relations between Russia and the USA. Above all, I would like to see the vision of Academician Andrei Sakharov, as carried forth by Mikhail and Raisa Gorbachev, realized: a convergence in which the USA adopts the economic as well as political democracy required by democratic socialism, and in which Russia likewise embraces these elements. I see our countries as cooperating to address climate change and share resources more equitably with the less privileged world, while engaging in a friendly and indeed comradely rivalry in areas such as science and technology (e.g. space exploration) where spinoffs can benefit the world at large. Over the last 25 years, I sadly see capitalist triumphalism and the arrogant illusion that there is now only one true "superpower," the USA, as at the root of the tensions now threatening to escalate into a new cold war that would mainly benefit the military-industrial complex which President Eisenhower warned against shortly before leaving office in 1961. In October of 1962, the events known as the Caribbean Crisis in Russia, and the Cuban Missile Crisis in the USA, gave warning that direct superpower confrontations pose an intolerable risk to humankind. This warning, since the early 1980's, carries yet more overwhelming weight given the threat of a nuclear autumn or winter which could effectively destroy world agriculture and drastically reduce the world human population, so that "mutual assured destruction" becomes an even likelier outcome of nuclear war between the superpowers. Now, as in 1962, it is vital that we understand the effects of Hitler's surprise attack in Operation Barbarossa (22 June 1941) and the horrors of the Great Patriotic War that followed on the Soviet Union, and on the Russian Federation today. Fear of encirclement must be understood, and diplomacy must seek to restore detente and ultimately a positive alliance. Both Russia and the USA have some serious human rights problems. But it is noteworthy that Russia, in keeping with elementary human rights standards of the European Union, United Nations General Assembly, South Africa, and in all 140 or so world nations, has instituted a moratorium on executions. This is a worthy hommage also to the great social democrat Julius Martov, whose _Doloi Smertnuyu Kazn'_ ("Down With the Death Penalty") of 1918 is one of the most courageous statements supporting human rights in the 20th century. The USA needs to catch up with Russia in this race toward an ethical world order. Also, 25 years after the disbanding of the Warsaw Pact, why is NATO still in operation as a legacy of the cold war? A more impartial and inclusive security organization for what Mikhail Gorbachev termed "a common house of Europe" would be appropriate. While I have very serious concerns about many aspects of Donald Trump's contemplated domestic and foreign policies, I would welcome a greater rapport with Russia. What would be highly desirable is for both the USA and Russia to reconsider how they exert influence on neighboring states. The record of the USA in its interventions in Latin America, from the death squad "democracy" in El Salvador and Guatemala in the 1980's to the coup in Hondoras in 2009, should temper a view of recent Russian interventions. This is not to say that military intervention is a good policy for either superpower, only that it be well to avoid rhetoric that could invite a new cold war. Above all, I would like to see glasnost (articulation of previously unheard voices) and perestroika (restructuring, which in the USA means building and reinforcing a reliable social safety net) succeed here, and thus foster the best traditions of the Gorbachevs in Russia also. The coming year will mark the centennial of the February Revolution and then the October Revolution in Russia. May these anniversaries invite reflection and lead toward the prevalence of social democracy and human rights in these two countries and elsewhere.